¿Qué es el TPP-11?
Acuerdo de AsociaciónTrans Pacífico de Libre Comercio, así lo llaman… nosotros lo conocemos por sus siglas «Todos Podemos Perder» y te explicamos por qué. Hace ya varios años que lleva dando vueltas entre la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado. En un principio las personas promedio no sabían mucho sobre él, y la poca gente que sí tenía conocimiento al respecto en realidad no podía explicarlo con exactitud… eso no es accidental. El TPP-11 es un acuerdo de supuesto comercio que se ha negociado en secreto durante años. Este tratado abarca los países: Chile, Perú, México, Brunei, Nueva Zelanda, Singapur, Australia, Malasia, Japón y Vietnam.
¿Realmente es tan malo?
Todo lo que se negocia en secreto es por algo y en muchas ocasiones podría tener consecuencias perjudiciales para el/la ciudadanx de a pie. Imagínate que el texto completo del tratado ha sido cuidadosamente escondido y censurado hasta para los legisladores que votan por él, apenas saben de qué se trata. Pues bien, en internet todo se filtra, tarde o temprano alguien nos ilumina con la verdad.
Gracias a estas filtraciones y el enorme trabajo de difusión que durante años han hecho miles de organizaciones, fundaciones, agrupaciones y comunidades en todo el mundo es que ahora es mucho más conocido que en antaño y una buena parte de la población sabe, conoce y entiende a ciencia cierta, en todo detalle y profundidad cómo afectará a los países involucrados: El TPP-11 propone instalar un sistema de tribunales comerciales por encima de toda jurisprudencia nacional, lo cual significa que cualquiera de las muchísimas empresas que negocian con el TPP-11 pueden recurrir al tribunal si las leyes de un país afectan sus ingresos. Pongamos de ejemplo a Uruguay que fue demandada por la tabacalera Phillips Morris por la publicidad que el estado obligó a poner en las cajetillas de cigarros, lo que disminuyó en un 4% el consumo de tabaco en el país. Phillips Morris ha perdido mucho dinero con esto, y ahora si dicha empresa recurre al tribunal superior con esteroides del TPP-11, el estado uruguayo perdería ante cualquier resolución de ese tribunal conformado por los mismos que lo han demandado.
Además de perder toda soberanía en manos de empresas multinacionales, los países también se verán obligados a modificar, añadir y/o anular leyes que sean contradictorias a las del tribunal y los intereses privativos de cada empresa. ¿Te gusta descargar contenido con derechos digitales? Con el TPP-11 van a poder buscarte, denunciarte, multarte y hasta llevarte a la cárcel por tener contenido protegido bajo derechos de autor en tu ordenador y ni siquiera la justicia de tu país podrá ayudarte.
Los alimentos, medicamentos farmacéuticos y semillas de cultivos agrícolas se verán severamente afectados, entre otras cosas como las descritas en la siguiente lista:
- Se van a incrementar de 5 a 12 los años requeridos para sacar medicamentos genéricos.
- Una empresa puede demandar a Chile por billones de dólares si acá se declaran leyes que perjudiquen los ingresos esperados de dicha empresa, inclusive si la respectiva ley en disputa es algo bueno para la gente.
- Olvídense de desbloquear sus iPhones, penado con cárcel por evadir candados digitales. Ni hablar de desbloquear consolas de vídeojuegos.
- Para que las obras con derecho de autor lleguen al dominio público debían transcurrir un mínimo de 50 años luego de la muerte de dicho autor. Con el TPP-11 se aumentaría a más 70 años, o desde su publicación más 120 años, lo cual es absurdo.
- Los dueños de material con derechos de autor pueden demandarte e incautar tus dispositivos si se te encuentra involucrado en actividad infringidora aunque no hayas participado directamente, por ejemplo si alguien se te cuelga del internet y descarga algo. La mencionada infracción podrá ser penada con multas millionarias y carcel.
- Cualquier tipo de trabajo derivativo de algo con derechos de autor estará prohibido.
- Las empresas alimenticias y distribuidoras de alimentos, farmacéuticas manufactureras de medicamentos y corporaciones productoras y vendedoras de semillas de cultivos agrícolas podrían fijar y establecer sus propios precios independiente de las leyes de cada país y si éste o algún/a ciudadanx intenta imponerse pueden demandarle, aplicarle sanciones arbitrarias determinadas por la entidad afectada y enviarlo a prisión sin ninguna clase de juicio previo ya que se modifica la constitución de las naciones beligerantes en pro de defender, custodiar y proteger los intereses, bienes y propiedades de cada empresa o corporación privada.
- Pero por sobre todo lo anterior, el total de los contenidos exactos del TPP-11 son secretos hasta 4 años después de haberlo firmado.
¿Suena ridículo? ¿Por qué creen que hay tantas protestas en otros países y la prensa no reporta casi nada? Gracias políticos, por vender Chile de nuevo. Acaban de hacer que las pocas leyes que teníamos terminen de valer hongo, que la gente que no tiene dinero suficiente para pagar sus medicamentos se muera, que los demás sean contaminados por químicos en semillas y alimentos y que empresas multinacionales abusen y nos aplasten como quieren a toda el pueblo de Chile
¿Entiendes ahora por qué nuestra campaña contra el TPP-11? Apóyanos, infórmate, involúcrate, participa, súmate y no te quedes atrás en la lucha por defender tus derechos. No dejemos que nuestro país termine siendo gobernado por una elite conformada por empresas multinacionales.
Recuerda: TPP = Todos Podemos Perder.
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