La dinámica entre la movilización callejera y la Convención Constitucional, la autonomía con respecto al gobierno que asumirá el próximo 11 de Marzo y las demandas urgentes, porque «está en peligro la vida», son algunas de las tantas acciones que bullen en un «momento fundante», y también en la construcción de un feminismo transfronterizo internacionalista, que comparte estrategias para romper la lógica capitalista patriarcal.
La activista chilena y vocera de la CF8M, Pamela Valenzuela Cisternas, intenta estar en tres lugares al mismo tiempo. En el panel de apertura del Encuentro Feminismos y Sindicalismos, de cara al 8M, en Rosario, expone sobre el valor de la huelga general feminista que declararon en 2018 como clave en la transformación social en su país, Chile. “La huelga nos hizo poderosas”, afirma y luego cuenta que sus compañeras, a partir de octubre de 2019, decían: “Somos revuelta en la revuelta”. Al mismo tiempo, por zoom, en su país, hay dos asambleas a las que intenta seguir, porque todo ocurre al mismo tiempo. “Es un momento fundante”, apunta sobre lo que ocurre en Chile, donde la Comisión de Derechos Fundamentales de la Convención Constitucional aprobó en general la declaración de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo como derecho humano, y esa victoria de la estrategia de la Asamblea por la Legalización del Aborto las encontró llorando, abrazadas, en la convicción de seguir alimentando la dinámica entre la lucha callejera y la construcción de una Carta Constitucional que ponga en el centro la vida. Pamela es una de las cuatro voceras de la Coordinadora Feminista 8M. “Hemos aprendido un montón de este movimiento feminista transfronterizo internacionalista que se despliega a lo largo de todo el mundo y, por ejemplo, a nosotras nos impacta de manera muy estratégica todo lo ocurrido en Argentina, la experiencia de tener esos Encuentros de Mujeres que se hacen desde 1986, la experiencia que tienen las compañeras en México que luchan contra una violencia desatada, que si bien es álgida en toda América Latina, en ciudades transfronterizas de México es un problema que habla del lugar de opresión que el capitalismo patriarcal quiere imponer a las mujeres, a las disidencias, a las niñeces, a las y les oprimidas”, dice rápido, para que no se le escape del torbellino de ideas que va desgranando con su pañuelo verde en la muñeca.
La lucha por la vida, contra la precarización de la vida, por un feminismo que derribe las políticas destructoras de la vida y los territorios, es el eje. “Es indudable la potencia que le ha impreso al movimiento social el feminismo desde su propia fuerza y es innegable, porque hoy día tú ves cosas que teníamos que disputar hasta hace pocos meses. Cuando nos desplegamos en 2018, el feminismo ya venía en alza desde el 2011 y progresivamente pudimos sacar de la institucionalidad elementos que habían sido acaparados, como el debate de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, el debate de las violencias, que son parte de las banderas ‘clásicas’ del feminismo. Y en 2018 nosotras hicimos quiebre, retomamos el hilo histórico al plantear que el feminismo habla de todo”, señala la potencia que emergió para cambiar el mundo. “Nosotras nos lanzamos a llamar a la huelga general, que después permitió que emergiera la Coordinadora Feminista 8 de marzo, y que también fortaleció a un montón de organizaciones feministas a lo largo del territorio. Sin duda, que hayamos sido más de un millón de mujeres y disidencias en la calle el 8 de marzo del 2019 tuvo un impacto para el movimiento social del país. La huelga volvió a ponerse en la mesa como una herramienta de lucha, que puede transformar la situación en que vivimos”, describe lo central de los feminismos en el proceso de su país desde octubre de 2019. “Somos un movimiento que es capaz de abrir caminos, de transformarlo todo y de cuestionarlo todo, de ser profundamente subversivo”, abunda.
Una Constitución feminista
Desde la Coordinadora impugnaron la Convención Constitucional. “No es el proceso que nosotras queríamos y salimos a impugnar el pacto entre los partidos, entre ellos el del presidente que va a asumir el 11 de marzo, porque precisamente nosotras veíamos que ahí se cortaba una posibilidad de optar por una asamblea feminista constituyente, una asamblea popular Constituyente”, sigue su relato. Pero decidieron participar “sí o sí” de la Convención porque “históricamente lo que ha pasado es que la derecha copta los procesos”. Así fue que decidieron “no delegar nunca más” la palabra.
Lo que esperan es que la nueva Carta Constitucional “pueda seguir abriendo caminos y que no quede solamente en una letra escrita en una Constitución y que nadie pesque nada, sino que se transforme en leyes, se transformen en procesos deliberativos democráticos, o sea, se transforme en una nueva sociedad. Nosotras estamos debatiendo la relevancia de las regiones, o sea, de la autonomía regional, la recuperación de las aguas, que la justicia sea paritaria, plurinacional y con enfoque de género, que la democracia sea paritaria en términos de paridad sustantiva y de igualdad sustantiva. Entonces son todas cosas que van mucho más allá de lo que se ha propuesto incluso el mismo gobierno que va a subir, sino que son nuestras son nuestras exigencias de vidas, son nuestras urgencias por vencer, son cómo nos imaginamos el mundo que queremos vivir”.
Sobre el gobierno que asumirá el 11 de Marzo próximo, al que la Coordinadora Feminista 8M llamó a votar, mantendrán su autonomía. “Llamamos a votar por Gabriel Boric, porque si no llamábamos a votar por él, avanzaba un sector de la derecha pinochetista, que planteaba lo que decía Simone de Beauvoir, que las mujeres y las disidencias siempre tenemos que estar luchando por nuestros derechos porque nunca en verdad están completamente adquiridos y en cualquier momento aparecen procesos de restauración patriarcal que los tiran para atrás”, dice sobre ese proceso en el que los feminismos se movilizaron para impedir el retorno de la derecha más violenta.
“Cuando nosotras decimos nuestras urgencias son por vencer es porque estamos poniendo en el centro cosas que si no son modificadas hoy, lo que está en peligro es la vida. O sea, sin agua no hay vida. Sin posibilidad de trabajar, no hay posibilidad de vivir, si no hay salarios dignos tampoco, si los pueblos originarios no tienen acceso a los territorios que ancestralmente les quitaron y se siguen imponiendo el monocultivo, las forestales, las salmoneras, el extractivismo, tampoco va a haber territorio que sostener. Entonces, este programa y ese plan de lucha, no sabemos hasta qué punto el gobierno que está por asumir lo puede consolidar”. Por eso, se declaran “un poco escépticas del gobierno que asumirá” y mantendrán “la autonomía y la deliberación colectiva”.
La lucha por el aborto
La reciente votación –primero en general y el 23 de febrero, en particular- del acceso a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y el aborto en la Comisión de Derechos Fundamentales de la Convención Constitucional es producto de lo que Pamela Valenzuela Cisternas define como “una lucha muy bonita porque ejemplifica esto de la retroalimentación transfronteriza en el movimiento feminista y todo lo que nos ha servido aprender a nosotras del proceso incluso que se vive en Argentina”. Cuenta que hicieron un Foro Latinoamericano con participantes de México y Argentina, entre otros países. “Aprendimos un montón, incluso teniendo legalizado el aborto, de todas las trabas que te pone la institucionalidad para poderlo aplicar, con todas las diversidades y diferencias políticas, sociales, económicas y de acceso que existen en regiones diversas, como son nuestros países de Latinoamérica que no es lo mismo quienes viven en una ciudad centro que vivir en un pueblo en Magallanes o en una zona extrema o en una zona andina”, relató.
En 2021 constituyeron la Asamblea por la Legalización del Aborto, en la que participa la Coordinadora Feminista 8M, con tres objetivos: el primero fue consignar los derechos sexuales y reproducción y el derecho humano al aborto en la Constitución, el segundo es la legalización del aborto y el tercero es la despenalización social del aborto.
El mecanismo que usaron para llevar el aborto a la Convención fue uno que pudieron instalar los movimientos sociales, las iniciativas populares de normal. Hacían falta 15 mil votos para que el tema se trate y lograron, antes que ninguna otra propuesta, más que duplicar ese número, ya que llegaron a 39.000. “Lo impactante de toda esta cantidad, es que solo hecho de que ocurriera eso hizo que voces que estaban dubitativas que dudaban, hoy en día nos apoyen. Entonces es eso que hablaba, no es la Convención por un lado y los pueblos movilizados por otros, sino que es algo que tiene que estar unido y que ocurre al mismo tiempo”.
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