Un peritaje elaborado hace casi 9 años por el Departamento de Criminalística recomendó disparar a más de 30 metros del blanco y solo apuntando al tercio inferior del cuerpo de los manifestantes. Disparos a menor distancia, advirtió el informe, pueden ser letales –si impactan en el cuello– o provocar estallido ocular, fractura craneal y laceraciones hemorrágicas en el abdomen, entre otros efectos. El documento demuestra que Carabineros conocía los riesgos de usar esta arma y que las advertencias fueron ignoradas en las manifestaciones recientes, en las que ya se han registrado más de 220 lesiones oculares.
Después de la última ronda de disparos, la doctora Vivian Bustos y la capitana Carla Fernández no tuvieron dudas sobre la peligrosidad de los perdigones que utilizan las escopetas antidisturbios de Carabineros. Ambas certificaron que podían provocar lesiones letales (si los tiros impactan en tejidos blandos del cuello), además de estallido ocular, fractura craneal, laceraciones hemorrágicas en el abdomen y contusiones en los genitales, entre otros efectos graves.
Esa prueba balística se efectuó exactamente el día Miercoles 21 de noviembre de 2012. Tras realizarla, la doctora Bustos y la capitana Fernández suscribieron un documento de 22 páginas cuya principal conclusión advirtió sobre las precauciones que el personal policial debía tomar para cumplir con el objetivo de disolver las manifestaciones sin provocar lesiones graves:
«Se recomienda el uso de la escopeta antidisturbios en Carabineros de Chile a una distancia superior a los 30 metros y apuntando siempre hacia el tercio medio inferior del cuerpo, ya que corresponde a zonas menos vulnerables o expuestas, al estar protegidas por las vestimentas y el calzado, con la finalidad de evitar la generación de lesiones graves durante su uso y solo se cumpla la función de dispersar a las personas».
Este peritaje demuestra que Carabineros siempre ha sabido que el uso de su escopeta antidisturbios calibre 12mm, cargada con cartuchos de perdigones de 8mm –los mismos que ahora son cuestionados por contener plomo–, puede ser letal o causar daño ocular grave, si no se adoptan los resguardos correspondientes. Casos como los del joven Gustavo Gatica, quien fue herido en sus dos ojos y sufrió pérdida total de la visión, o de Rolando Ortega, herido en el cuello en Valparaíso que se mantuvo internado en estado grave, demuestran que estas precauciones no han sido observadas por el personal de Fuerzas Especiales durante las manifestaciones que se iniciaron el 18 de octubre del año 2019.
Todas las advertencias realizadas por el Colegio Médico y el Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos –por la gran cantidad de heridos en los ojos– y ahora este documento, refuerzan los argumentos que apuntan a la responsabilidad penal del mando de Carabineros y de las autoridades civiles, incluyendo la Presidencia de la República, por no haber reaccionado a tiempo para detener actos que dieron pie a violaciones de derechos humanos.
Manifestante herido por perdigones
El día Martes 19 de noviembre del año 2019, el general director de Carabineros, Mario Rozas, anunció que se limitaría el uso de la escopeta antidisturbios solo a situaciones de riesgo vital. Pero, lo hizo 24 días después de la primera advertencia del Colegio Médico sobre las graves lesiones oculares y cuando las personas con este tipo de heridas ya sumaban más de 220.
No hay dudas, efectivos de Fuerzas Especiales han impactado con sus municiones antidisturbios en la parte superior del cuerpo de los manifestantes, ignorando el mencionado informe en disputa realizado por el propio Departamento de Criminalística de su institución. Ese documento, titulado “Disparos con escopeta antidisturbios, con empleo de cartuchería con perdigón de goma y sus efectos en la superficie del cuerpo humano”, detalló los efectos más graves que los tiros podían causar en el cuerpo humano. Para ello se dispararon rondas a 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 y 30 metros del blanco.
“Luego de analizar los daños generados (…), es posible establecer que entre los 5 y los 25 metros de distancia, existe una clara posibilidad de generar en la superficie corporal lesiones de carácter grave”, señala el informe. El peritaje desaconseja utilizar la escopeta a menos de 30 metros, porque “existe el riesgo de generar una lesión ocular, que podría implicar la pérdida del ojo (…). Y apuntando siempre hacia el tercio medio inferior del cuerpo”.
5 metros: «fractura craneal»
El peritaje fue encargado por el Departamento de Gestión Educacional de la Dirección de Educación, Doctrina e Historia, para capacitar al personal en el manejo adecuado de las escopetas antidisturbios. Este es el objetivo declarado en la página 2 del informe:
“Informar (…) los efectos y lesiones que podrían causar los perdigones de goma, disparados con escopetas antidisturbios en actual uso en Carabineros de Chile, en la superficie corporal de personas, con el fin de ser tomadas en consideración en la elaboración y diseño del curso de capacitación orientado al correcto uso del arma antes mencionada”.
El peritaje comenzó a las 15:00 del 21 de noviembre de 2012, cuando el equipo comandado por la capitana Fernández (especialista en criminalística y perito balístico) llegó al polígono de tiro de la Escuela de Carabineros Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, en la Comuna de Providencia, ciudad de Santiago. El grupo era integrado por la doctora Bustos (médico legista y asesora del Departamento de Criminalística), el suboficial mayor Luis Peña y el sargento 1° Orlando Candia (fotógrafo).
Los blancos estaban hechos con planchas de madera terciada de 9 milímetros de espesor, las que técnicamente simulan la densidad del cuerpo humano “tanto en hueso como en tejido blando”, según señala el reporte.
Manifestante herido en su ojo por un perdigón
El suboficial Peña insertó en una escopeta Hatsan, modelo Escort, un cartucho balístico calibre 12mm, con doce perdigones de goma marca TEC. De pie, apoyó el arma en su hombro y disparó al blanco, ubicado a sólo cinco metros.
El sargento Candia fotografió los impactos en el blanco y las profesionales los analizaron: “Los perdigones traspasaron totalmente la madera en su parte posterior, con pérdida de material”, quedó plasmado en el informe.
El documento consignó que un disparo a cinco metros podía provocar fractura de costillas y de hueso craneal, heridas penetrantes en el rostro, estallidos oculares, lesiones en los brazos, laceraciones hemorrágicas en el abdomen y contusiones en los genitales, además de roturas en los carpios y metacarpios de manos y pies.
En el caso de niños y ancianos, un tiro a cinco metros, además, generaría fracturas en los huesos largos de las piernas.
10 metros: «posibilidad de muerte»
El suboficial Peña disparó después a una distancia de diez metros. De los doce perdigones contenidos en el cartucho, diez impactaron en el blanco. Nuevamente, traspasaron la madera, aunque en esta ocasión “con menor pérdida de material”.
La tabla que resumió los posibles daños corporales volvió a llenarse de datos que resultan alarmantes: “En cuello, posibilidad de herida en tejido blando y eventual lesión vascular, con posibilidad de muerte”.
También describieron el riesgo de heridas penetrantes en el abdomen y desgarros en los genitales, además de lesiones diversas en manos, piernas, brazos y pies.
Carabineros disparando perdigones en la Alameda, Santiago.
La escena se repitió con el suboficial mayor Luis Peña apuntando a blancos situados a 10, 15, 20 y 25 metros. Y la conclusión fue la misma. A esas distancias, hay posibilidad de muerte si el disparo impactaba en una zona del cuello con eventual compromiso vascular. También se mantenía el riesgo de estallidos oculares, además de las lesiones abdominales.
Finalmente, el suboficial Peña disparó a un blanco situado a 30 metros. A esa distancia, la pérdida de precisión fue enorme. De los doce perdigones contenidos en el cartucho, sólo dos impactaron en el blanco.
Sin embargo, el riesgo de estallido ocular persistió, como quedó consignado en la tabla elaborada por la doctora Bustos y la capitana Fernández.
De allí que el peritaje indique en sus recomendaciones finales que la escopeta solo se utilice con un blanco ubicado a más de 30 metros y apuntando al “tercio medio inferior del cuerpo”. Si la justicia acoge las denuncias de los afectados por los escopetazos de Carabineros y se investiga por qué Chile ha llegado a ostentar el amargo récord de la mayor cantidad de manifestantes con lesiones oculares, la respuesta está aquí.
I conceive this web site contains some really excellent info for everyone :D. «Experience is not what happens to you it’s what you do with what happens to you.» by Aldous Huxley.
You have remarked very interesting details! ps nice website . «It is better to be hated for who you are than to be loved for what you are not.» by Andre Gide.
Would you be keen on exchanging links?
Generally I don’t read article on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do so! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite nice article.
F*ckin’ tremendous things here. I’m very glad to see your post. Thanks a lot and i’m looking forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?
I got what you intend, appreciate it for posting.Woh I am thankful to find this website through google. «The test and use of a man’s education is that he finds pleasure in the exercise of his mind.» by Carl Barzun.
Cool blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog stand out. Please let me know where you got your design. Thanks
Very interesting details you have remarked, thankyou for posting. «Pleasure and love are the pinions of great deeds.» by Charles Fox.
Very interesting details you have observed, thankyou for posting. «You bluffed me I don’t like it when people bluff me. It makes me question my perception of reality.» by Andrew Schneider.
It’s laborious to find educated people on this topic, however you sound like you already know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Great site! I am loving it!! Will be back later to read some more. I am bookmarking your feeds also.
O GOLDCARD é um cartão virtual com acesso à conteúdos de tv, filmes e séries
Hi , I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbled upon it on Yahoo , i will come back once again. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and help other people.
Oh my goodness! an incredible article dude. Thank you However I am experiencing issue with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting similar rss downside? Anybody who knows kindly respond. Thnkx
Utterly written content material, regards for information .
Hello, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, terrific blog!
Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem along with your site in internet explorer, would check thisK IE nonetheless is the market chief and a large portion of other people will leave out your great writing because of this problem.
I’d forever want to be update on new content on this internet site, saved to my bookmarks! .
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was looking for! «The right to be heard does not autmatically include the right to be taken seriously.» by Hubert Humphrey.
I like this post, enjoyed this one thank you for posting. «No man is wise enough by himself.» by Titus Maccius Plautus.
Wohh just what I was looking for, thanks for posting.
I was examining some of your content on this website and I think this web site is really instructive! Retain posting.
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
Excellent read, I just passed this onto a friend who was doing a little research on that. And he just bought me lunch as I found it for him smile Therefore let me rephrase that: Thank you for lunch! «Any man would be forsworn to gain a kingdom.» by Roger Zelazny.
Some truly rattling work on behalf of the owner of this site, dead outstanding written content.
I used to be more than happy to search out this net-site.I needed to thanks for your time for this excellent learn!! I undoubtedly enjoying each little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to take a look at new stuff you weblog post.
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
As I website owner I conceive the content material here is very wonderful, thanks for your efforts.
You have brought up a very superb details, thankyou for the post.
Thanks for the blog post, can I set it up so I get an email when you publish a new update?
Pretty! This was a really wonderful post. Thank you for your provided information.
I really like your writing style, wonderful information, appreciate it for putting up :D. «The superfluous is very necessary.» by Francois Marie Arouet Voltaire.
Perfectly indited subject material, Really enjoyed studying.
good post.Never knew this, regards for letting me know.
Dead pent content, thankyou for entropy.
naturally like your website but you have to check the spelling on several of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to tell the reality on the other hand I will surely come back again.
I conceive this web site holds some very fantastic info for everyone. «I prefer the wicked rather than the foolish. The wicked sometimes rest.» by Alexandre Dumas.
Dead pent subject matter, thanks for selective information.
Very great post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I’ve really enjoyed browsing your weblog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing to your rss feed and I’m hoping you write again very soon!
I think this website holds some rattling great info for everyone : D.
I really like your writing style, wonderful info, appreciate it for posting :D. «I hate mankind, for I think myself one of the best of them, and I know how bad I am.» by Joseph Baretti.
I was looking at some of your blog posts on this internet site and I conceive this web site is really instructive! Keep posting.
Only a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw outstanding pattern.
Hi , I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbled upon it on Yahoo , i will come back once again. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and help other people.
As soon as I noticed this site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.
O Cupom da Vez é um aplicativo inovador que permite aos usuários ganhar dinheiro extra ao avaliar produtos e cupons em categorias como vestuário, eletrônicos, itens domésticos e muito mais.
Good day very cool website!! Man .. Beautiful .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionallyKI am satisfied to find so many helpful info right here in the post, we’d like work out more techniques on this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
The next time I read a weblog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I imply, I know it was my option to learn, but I truly thought youd have one thing interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you might repair if you werent too busy looking for attention.
I¦ll immediately snatch your rss feed as I can not to find your e-mail subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Please allow me recognize so that I could subscribe. Thanks.
I like this site very much, Its a rattling nice place to read and find information. «Never contend with a man who has nothing to lose.» by Baltasar Gracian.
very good post, i actually love this website, carry on it
Wohh exactly what I was looking for, thankyou for posting.
Appreciate it for helping out, fantastic info. «In case of dissension, never dare to judge till you’ve heard the other side.» by Euripides.
I like this post, enjoyed this one thank you for posting. «Money is a poor man’s credit card.» by Herbert Marshall McLuhan.
Hi, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam remarks? If so how do you stop it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any assistance is very much appreciated.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your weblog. You have some really great articles and I believe I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please shoot me an e-mail if interested. Many thanks!
Hey! I know this is kinda off topic however I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My website covers a lot of the same subjects as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you might be interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!
Perfectly indited written content, thankyou for entropy.
Great blog! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am bookmarking your feeds also
Deference to post author, some great entropy.
F*ckin¦ amazing issues here. I am very happy to peer your article. Thank you a lot and i’m having a look forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?
I dugg some of you post as I cogitated they were very useful very helpful
I will right away seize your rss as I can not in finding your email subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me recognise in order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
Very interesting topic, appreciate it for posting.
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention.
Thank you for every other informative blog. Where else may I am getting that kind of information written in such an ideal way? I have a project that I am simply now working on, and I have been on the glance out for such information.
Just a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw great design and style. «Individuals may form communities, but it is institutions alone that can create a nation.» by Benjamin Disraeli.
I don’t unremarkably comment but I gotta admit thanks for the post on this great one : D.
I genuinely enjoy looking through on this website, it has got wonderful blog posts. «One should die proudly when it is no longer possible to live proudly.» by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche.
After all, what a great site and informative posts, I will upload inbound link – bookmark this web site? Regards, Reader.
But a smiling visitant here to share the love (:, btw great layout. «Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler.» by Albert Einstein.
Hi, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments? If so how do you protect against it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me crazy so any support is very much appreciated.
Very interesting info!Perfect just what I was searching for!
Hi! Someone in my Myspace group shared this website with us so I came to look it over. I’m definitely enjoying the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Wonderful blog and excellent design.
I don’t even know the way I ended up here, however I assumed this submit was great. I do not know who you might be but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger when you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Whoa! This blog looks just like my old one! It’s on a entirely different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Great choice of colors!
Its excellent as your other posts : D, thankyou for posting. «Experience is that marvelous thing that enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again.» by Franklin P. Jones.
I couldn’t resist commenting
I like what you guys are up also. Such intelligent work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it will improve the value of my web site 🙂
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say that I have really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again very soon!
good post.Never knew this, regards for letting me know.
Would you be inquisitive about exchanging hyperlinks?
Hey there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
WONDERFUL Post.thanks for share..more wait .. …
With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement? My website has a lot of completely unique content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it looks like a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my permission. Do you know any ways to help protect against content from being ripped off? I’d genuinely appreciate it.
Thanks for this terrific post, I am glad I discovered this site on yahoo.
I am glad that I observed this web site, precisely the right info that I was searching for! .
I like this weblog very much, Its a rattling nice place to read and obtain info . «One man’s religion is another man’s belly laugh.» by Robert Anson Heinlein.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for your site. You have some really great posts and I believe I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to write some articles for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an e-mail if interested. Cheers!
You are my breathing in, I have few web logs and often run out from to brand.
I love it when people come together and share opinions, great blog, keep it up.
Hiya, I am really glad I have found this info. Nowadays bloggers publish only about gossips and net and this is really annoying. A good site with interesting content, this is what I need. Thank you for keeping this web site, I will be visiting it. Do you do newsletters? Can’t find it.
Nice read, I just passed this onto a friend who was doing a little research on that. And he actually bought me lunch as I found it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! «Whenever you have an efficient government you have a dictatorship.» by Harry S Truman.
Thanks for this grand post, I am glad I noticed this web site on yahoo.
Merely wanna input on few general things, The website design is perfect, the articles is real great : D.
I’d forever want to be update on new blog posts on this internet site, saved to bookmarks! .
I really appreciate this post. I?¦ve been looking all over for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You’ve made my day! Thank you again