Uno de los clichés más molestos que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en la retórica de las políticas de izquierda se relaciona con el imperativo incuestionable de una forma no específica, genérica de “organización”. Aunque puedan existir otros aspectos que definan la izquierda, de manera consistente siempre han llamado a la creación y desarrollo de organizaciones formales que supuestamente deben representar y dirigir las masas o la clase trabajadora (o en estos días el apropiado grupo de identidad o “minoría”). Por supuesto, cuando la gente de izquierda deja el reino de la retórica y entra en el reino de la práctica, se vuelve muy evidente de por qué los detalles de la organización generalmente no son especificados. Es fácil decir que gente no-organizada o gente desorganizada probablemente no tendrá mucho éxito persiguiendo grandes y complejos proyectos, pero cuando la forma de organización propuesta propugna llamados por un estructura de “correa de transmisión” con una división explícita entre líderes y liderados, junto con darle disposiciones a los líderes para disciplinar miembros, mientras se les protege de la responsabilidad de los que están siendo dirigidos, más de algunos se darán cuenta de este juego del engaño y lo rechazarán. Incluso la adición de un poco d democracia en estos días no es suficiente para disfrazar el hedor de la política de poder.
Nada de esto sorprende a la mayoría de los anarquistas, ya que las corrientes principales de la izquierda han sido explícitamente jerarquizadas, autoritarias y estatistas desde el comienzo de la época de los Jacobinos y la revolución francesa. Sin embargo, incluso los anarquistas —o al menos aquellos anarquistas más cercanos a la izquierda— no han sido inmunes al fetichismo organizacional. Desde una preocupación genuina para ayudar a crear las condiciones por aquellos que carecen a que tomen de vuelta su mundo, la imperativa organizacional de izquierda es muchas veces confundida con una estrategia saludable, lo cual ha sido desafortunadamente desacreditado y socavado por aquellos poco éticos, sedientos de poder, autoritarios de izquierda.
Es cierto que la desilusión creciente y generalizada con la organización formal entre genuinos radicales es muchas veces el resultado de 200 años de una práctica izquierdista contra-productiva. Pero la organización de izquierda no es solo una buena estrategia corrompida por un mal personal. La misma estrategia de construcción de organizaciones con una teoría y valores más radicales continuarán produciendo el mismo tipo de prácticas auto-destructivas precisamente porque los problemas subyacentes son estructurales y no accidentales. El culto a la organización —en el cual la construcción y ampliación de organizaciones político-económicas masivas y formales toman prioridad sobre cualquier llamamiento a la generalización de la auto-organización anarquista— directamente contradice los principios y metas anarquistas. El Organizacionalismo [1]promueve y produce prácticas autoritarias, jerarquizas y alienadas porque se basan en la idea de que las personas deberían ser organizadas por militantes políticamente conscientes, en vez de basarse en la idea anarquista de que las personas deben auto-organizarse por su propia liberación.
Históricamente, la idea anarquista, la teoría anarquista y el movimiento anarquista internacional se originaron como respuesta crítica a los problemas surgidos de la organización radical. Aun así, hoy en día, muchos anarquistas de izquierda toman el trabajo de rehabilitar una retórica y práctica organizacional problemática, basándose solo en críticas superficiales en contra de la izquierda explícitamente autoritaria y estatista buscan prevenir —al menos, eso esperan— que sus proyectos repliquen la duplicidad de muchos de los desastres de la izquierda que manchan la historia revolucionaria.
Todos los anarquistas se diferencian de la izquierda política en un punto central: los anarquistas proponen auto-actividad, auto-dirección y auto-organización tanto individual como comunal [2]como el único método posible para tomar control de nuestras vidas. La izquierda política, por el contrario, proponen la organización de la gente como objetos, con tal de ganar poder político necesario para realizar cambios a las condiciones sociales institucionalizadas. Los más radicales de la izquierda añadirán que este cambio en las condiciones institucionales puede ayudar a traer la posibilidad de que las masas eventualmente desarrollaran una suficiente conciencia de sí mismos como para gobernarse a ellos mismos. Pero esto es, por supuesto, relegado a un futuro indefinido.
Dada la desintegración en marcha de la izquierda internacional, se ha vuelto más importante para los anarquistas redescubrir y reconsiderar las bases del movimiento anarquista en lo que respecta teoría y crítica anarquista de la organización. A medida que más izquierdistas y ex-izquierdistas entran en el medio anarquista, se vuelve de mucha importancia recordar que el anarquismo no es solo una forma de izquierdismo sin la meta explicita de tomar el control del poder del estado. Toda la cultura de representación, jerarquización, organización, disciplina heterónoma y culto a los liderazgos presentes en las políticas de izquierda es contraria a la cultura anarquista de la autonomía, la libre asociación, la auto-organización, la acción directa y la responsabilidad personal. Las prácticas de izquierda de crear organizaciones masivas y formales para lograr construir poder político involucra diferentes asunciones y metas distintas a que aquellas propuestas por la práctica anarquista de la actividad auto-dirigida.
Todas las variadas formas del anarquismo de izquierda involucran intentar converger aspectos del Organizacionalismo de izquierda con aspectos de la organización anarquista. Y todos estos intentos de convergencia requieren de algún grado de sacrificio de la teoría, practica y valores anarquista a cambio de un aumento anticipado en el atractivo ideológico o en el poder práctico. Pero los anarquistas siempre sacrificarán sus propios principios a grandes riesgos. Han existido poderosas convergencias entre la izquierda y el anarquismo que han permitido grande contribuciones prácticas hacia la revuelta, la insurrección y la revolución en un pasado: por ejemplo el apogeo del anarco-sindicalismo alrededor de los siglos 19 y 20. Pero esto siempre ha llegado al precio de diluir y confundir el lado anarquista de la convergencia, lo que finalmente los llevo a la derrota.
En orden de prevenir futuras derrotas, podemos conscientemente basar nuestra práctica en principios consistentes de auto-organización, siempre con los menos compromisos posibles, y con una clara mirada puesta en nuestras metas.
[1]También conocido como Proselitismo.
[2]Se refiere a que tanto el individuo debe planificar, organizar y llevar a cabo la actividad en sí por el mismo, y si requiere de ayuda, que esta sea una ayuda auto-organizada y no coercitiva, alienante o dirigida por otra persona o grupo social. En sentido comunal los individuos podrían coordinarse por un interés en común que beneficie directamente a cada uno de los participantes.
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