Esta semana se publicó un informe técnico completo sobre una vulnerabilidad crítica de ejecución remota de código (RCE) recientemente corregida en Apache Cassandra, una base de datos NoSQL distribuida que ofrece alta escalabilidad muy popular entre compañías como Cisco, Netflix, Reddit, Twitter, Urban Airship, OpenX y más.
Identificada como CVE-2021-44521, la vulnerabilidad solo afecta las configuraciones no predeterminadas de la base de datos, lo que podría llevar al compromiso completo del sistema afectado. Esta vulnerabilidad recibió un puntaje de 8.4/10 según el Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), según los especialistas de Jfrog.
La falla solo se presenta si la funcionalidad para crear funciones definidas por el usuario (UDF) para el procesamiento personalizado de datos está habilitada en Cassandra, y solo puede ser abusada si el atacante tiene suficientes permisos para crear estas UDF. Esta no es una configuración predeterminada y se ha documentado como insegura anteriormente.
La función UDF en Cassandra se pueden escribir en Java y JavaScript, y este último utiliza el motor Nashorn, por lo que no se garantiza que sea seguro al aceptar código que no es de confianza y lo mejor sería ejecutarlo en un entorno seguro.
Si bien Cassandra implementa un entorno limitado para restringir el código UDF, al habilitar algunas configuraciones opcionales los actores de amenazas podrían abusar del motor Nashorn para escapar del entorno seguro y ejecutar código remoto en el sistema afectado.
Las implementaciones de Cassandra son vulnerables cuando están configuradas para permitir UDF con secuencias de comandos, pero no subprocesos de UDF. De forma predeterminada, los subprocesos UDF están habilitados, lo que significa que cada función UDF invocada se ejecuta en un subproceso independiente. Cuando los UDF están habilitados, todos los usuarios pueden crear y ejecutar UDF arbitrarios, incluidos los que iniciaron sesión de forma anónima.
En su informe técnico sobre CVE-2021-44521, Jfrog detalló un proceso que permitió evadir el entorno sandbox de Cassandra, demostrado en su prueba de concepto (PoC). La firma de seguridad también señaló la identificaron de algunas otras fallas, incluyendo ataques de denegación de servicio (DoS) y otras vulnerabilidades RCE.
Para conocer más sobre riesgos de seguridad informática, malware, vulnerabilidades y tecnologías de la información, no dude en ingresar al sitio web del Instituto Internacional de Seguridad Cibernética (IICS).
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Если вы задумываетесь о сотрудничестве с Esperio, то ознакомьтесь предварительно с этим обзором. Брокер заявляет о себе, как об одном из лучших на рынке. Однако наше мнение по этому вопросу противоположное. Мы проведем подробный анализ предложений этой компании и изучим отзывы трейдеров, чтобы определить, насколько ей можно доверять.
О компании
Официальное название: Esperio;
Адрес, контакты: First St. Vincent Bank Ltd Building, James Street, Kingstown, Сент-Винсент и Гренадины;
Лицензия: нет;
Как давно на рынке: с 2021;
Услуги: трейдинг;
Условия: леверидж до 1:1000, нет ограничений по минимальному депозиту;
Торговый терминал: MetaTrader 4/5;
Активы: контракты на разницу цен.
Самые свежие отзывы о Esperio со всего интернета
Несмотря на почти что вдохновляющее название, брокер не особо смог заслужить похвалу от трейдеров, особенно российских. Впрочем, судя по официальному сайту, именно на них он и ориентируется.
Итак, автор с ником MEMFIS1990 уверяет, что никому не удастся заработать с этим брокером. Согласно его комментарию, Esperio просто не выводит деньги. Мужчина уверяет, что все положительные отзывы на официальном сайте компании — фейковые. Он советует трейдерам работать только с проверенными брокерами, а не ноунеймами.
Следующий автор с ником Raspop нашел только один положительный момент у этого брокера. В отзыве он упоминает, что Esperio не скрывает отрицательной доходности по своим портфелям. В остальном мужчина тоже не советует связываться с этой компанией. Как минимум, потому что она мало кому известна и не регулируется авторитетными надзорными органами.
Не все трейдеры оказали столь осторожными, чтобы не торговать с Esperio. Автор следующего отзыва потерял 2 тысячи долларов на этой платформе. Он пополнял счет через систему WebMoney. К сожалению, обращение к юристам не решило вопрос, процедура чарджбэка в этом случае оказалась недоступной. Клиенту пришлось смириться с потерей, так как все его обращения Esperio все равно проигнорировал.
Еще одна девушка вообще описывает в отзыве порядок работы Esperio. Александра утверждает, что представители компании ищут потенциальных клиентов в социальных сетях. Изначально будущим жертвам предлагают работу, а именно, простое заполнение Excel таблиц. Потом их уговаривают приобрести курс обучения не менее чем за 50 тысяч рублей, и, наконец, самим начать торговлю на платформе Esperio. Естественно, все заканчивается сразу после пополнения. Аналитики, советующие открывать сделки, скорее рано, чем поздно, загоняют депозит трейдера в ноль.
Подтверждает слова Александры Виктория. Она называет Esperio самым ужасным местом работы. Девушка пишет в отзыве, что после месяца оплачиваемой стажировки ей, в конце концов, ничего не перечислили. Зато она регулярно терпела оскорбления от руководства. Виктория не скрывает, что главной ее обязанностью был холодный обзвон и развод людей на деньги.
Признаки обмана, мошенничества
Когда реальные отзывы настолько отличаются от тех, что брокер размещает на своем официальном сайте, вывод очевиден. Вряд ли перед нами честный и прозрачный посредник. К тому же, мы нашли и другие спорные моменты.
Срок существования проекта
Трейдеров пытаются убедить в том, что Esperio появился в отрасли еще в 2012 году. Это утверждение можно прочесть в коротком описании самой компании, и заметить в футере сайта. Однако ничего общего с реальным положением вещей такие заявления не имеют. В отзывах авторы пишут об отсутствии узнаваемости бренда не просто так. До недавнего времени о таком посреднике никто не знал.
Данные веб-архива показывают, что брокер занял сайт в июне 2021 года. В самом деле, сложно представить, чтобы за 10 лет работы действительно надежный брокер так и остался для большинства трейдеров неузнаваемым.
Регистрация
С юридическими данными у Esperio вообще произошла какая-то путаница. Брокер указывает в качестве управляющей компании некую OFG Cap LTD. При этом в реестр Сент-Винсент и Гренадин она должна быть внесена под номером 20603. Разумеется, мы не нашли ни одного упоминания о таком наборе цифр.
Но хотя бы OFG Cap, правда, не LTD, а LLC все-таки существует. Кстати, она была инкорпорирована в 2022 году, даже позже, чем появился официальный сайт. Уж совсем никак не в 2012. В футере указана недостоверная информация.
Добавить ко всему перечисленному стоит и то, что гренадинский офшор — не самое лучшее место в мире для регистрации бизнеса. Вернее, для мошенников, конечно, сойдет. А вот у клиентов, особенно трейдеров, могут возникнуть существенные проблемы при сотрудничестве с такими компаниями.
Отсутствие документов
Назваться брокером недостаточно. Esperio было бы неплохо еще получить официальное разрешение на свою деятельность. Но Сент-Винсент и Гренадины как раз предпочитают те посредники, которым не хочется думать о лицензиях. FSA (регулятор в этой юрисдикции) не выдает подобным онлайн дилинговым центрам лицензии. И вообще он не ведет никакого надзора за их деятельностью.
На главной странице регулятора так и написано, что внесение в реестр — это не гарантия хорошей репутации компании. Российский Центробанк, например, вообще заблокировал сайт Esperio и внес фирму в черный список.
Выводы
Esperio зарегистрирован в офшорной зоне Сент-Винсент и Гренадин, что означает отсутствие контроля со стороны государственных органов. Кроме того, у него нет лицензии на осуществление брокерской деятельности. Торговать на таких площадках не стоит. Это легко обернется потерей капитала.
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